11 - 20 in Arabic - Durusul Lughah book 2 - lesson 3

 Now, we are going to learn the numbers.

There are some rules which are related to the numbers. The number 1 up to 10 have been discussed in book 1. Now, we study number 11 up to 20.

In this lesson, we are focusing on the number with masculine noun.

The basic rules of number 11 - 20

1. Number 11 up to 19  are compound. It means they consist of two part. 

In Arabic these number are called  الأَعْدَادُ المُرَكَّبَةُ (al-a'dad al-murakkabah).

2. The noun that follows the number is called مَعْدُود (ma'dud).

In this lesson, we only study the rules regarding masculine ma'dud. The feminine ma'dud will be discussed later, in sha Allah.

3. The ma'dud condition

For 11 up to 20, the ma'dud must be in singular form and mansub (مفرد, منصوب)

4. The rules number 11 and 12

a. Both numbers agree with the ma'dud.

b. the ma'dud is feminine, both parts of numbers are feminine.

c. If the ma'dud is masculine, both parts of numbers are masculine.

Eleven = أَحَدَ عَشَرَ (masculine form), إِحْدَى عَشْرَةَ (feminine form).

Twelve = اِثْنَا عَشَرَ (masculine), اثْنَتَا عَشْرَةَ (feminine)

Examples :

- Eleven male students.

Here, the ma'dud is male students. The ma'dud is masculine noun. Therefore both parts are masculine.

So, we say : أَحَدَ عَشَرَ طَالِبًا 

- Eleven female students => إِحْدَى عَشْرَةَ طَالِبَةً

5. The rules of 13 - 19

As I mention before, 11 up to 19 consist of two parts, for examples:

13 = ثَلاَثَةَ عَشَرَ

The first part is ثَلاَثَةَ and the second one is عَشَرَ

The rules of 13 - 19 :

For masculine ma'dud, the second part of the number agrees with ma'dud whereas the first part doesn't agree with ma'dud.

Examples :

How do we say "thirteen male students" in Arabic?

According to basic rules, we can it with these steps:

a. male students => the condition must be singular and mansub.

So we say : طَالِبًا

b. The second part of the number must be agree with ma'dud.

So, the second part = عَشَرَ (masculine)

c. The first part doesn't agree with the ma'dud, so it's feminine

Then the first part = ثَلاَثَةَ (feminine)

Finally, 13 male students in Arabic is " ثَلاَثَةَ عَشَرَ طَالِبًا "

6. The rules of 20

Twenty in Arabic is عِشْرُونَ

The rules of twenty : it has same form for both masculine and feminine ma'dud.

Examples:

- 20 male students : عِشْرُونَ طَالِبًا

- 20 female students : عِشْرُونَ طَالِبَةً 

Summary number 11 - 20 for masculine ma'dud

11 = أَحَدَ عَشَرَ 

12 = اثْنَا عَشَرَ

13 = ثَلاَثَةَ عَشَرَ

14 = أَرْبَعَةَ عَشَرَ

15 = خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ

16 = سِتَّةَ عَشَرَ

17 = سَبْعَةَ عَشَرَ

18 = ثَمَانِيَةَ عَشَرَ

19 = تِسْعَةَ عَشَرَ

20 = عِشْرُونَ

Summary of the number rules

The rules number 11 and 12

The rules for 13 - 19

The rule of number 20