Words and it's Classification in Arabic

After learning new Arabic vocabularies, let's study Arabic Grammar from step one.

At this moment, I want to show you about a word in Arabic, such as the classification of words, the terms in Arabic, Examples, etc.

So, let's start with the word's category.

There are three word categories in Arabic, they are:

1. Noun

2. Verb

3. Particle

Let's see these terms in Arabic

- Word (which has a meaning) in Arabic is : كَلِمَةٌ  (kalimatun).

- Noun in arabic is : اسْمٌ (ismun).

- Verb in Arabic is : فِعْلٌ (fi'lun).

- Particle in arabic is : حَرْفٌ (harfun).

Term's definition and it's examples

1. Noun ( اسْمٌ) : is the name of a person/place/animal/thing

Example:

-  مُحَمَّدٌ (Muhammadun) -> the name of a person.

- غُرْفَةٌ (ghurfatun). Ghurfatun means a room -> the name of a place.

- قِطٌّ (qiṭṭun). qiṭṭun means a cat -> the name of an animal.

- كِتَابٌ (kitaabun). kitaabun means a book -> the name of a thing.

2. Verb (فِعْلٌ) : is a doing word (an action).

Arabic verb varies in tenses, they are:


a. The past tense

Past tense in Arabic is : الفِعْلُ الْمَاضِي (al-fi'lu al-maaḍii)

Example:

- ذَهَبَ (dhahaba). It means -> He went.


b. The present tense

Present tense in Arabic is : الْفِعْلُ الْمُضَارِعُ  (al-fi'lu al-muḍaari'u).

Example:

- يَذْهَبُ (yadh-habu). It means -> He is going / He goes.


c. The future tense.

Future tense in Arabic is : الْفِعْلُ الْمُضَارِعُ  (al-fi'lu al-muḍaari'u).


We can also add سَوْفَ or سَ in the future tense.

Examples:

- for the distant future:  سَوْفَ تَعْلَمُونَ (sawfa ta'lamuuna).

If we translate the above sentence in English -> You will know.


- for near future: سَتَعْلَمُوْنَ (sata'lamuuna).

sata'lamuuna means You will soon know.

3. Particle ( حَرْفٌ): harf includes prepositions, interjections, conjunctions, etc.

harfun/harf's meaning cannot be fully understood unless it is used with a noun or a verb.


Examples:

- إِلَى (ilaa). It means : toward, to, etc.

- مِنْ (min). It means: from.

- فِي (fii). It means: in, at, etc.


Sentence example:

ذَهَبَ مُحَمَّدٌ إِلَى الْمَدْرَسَةِ  (dhahaba Muhammadun ilaa al-madrasati).
It means: Muhammad went to the school.

إِلَى  in this sentence means "to".

Summary

1. كَلِمَةٌ  comprises اسْمٌ , فِعْلٌ , and حَرْفٌ

2. فِعْلٌ is a كَلِمَةٌ which denotes an action related to a particular time.

3. فِعْلٌ  comprise الفِعْلُ الْمَاضِي  and  الْفِعْلُ الْمُضَارِعُ

4. اسْمٌ is a كَلِمَةٌ which indicates a person, place, animal, or a thing without any relation to time.

3. حَرْفٌ comprises prepositions, interjections, conjunctions, etc.


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The lessons which are related to this:


- harf al-jar 

- noun in Arabic

- Kind of word in Arabic