Learn Arabic Idafah Construction: Mudaf vs. Mudaf Ilaihi Rules, Examples, and Quiz

1. Basic Definition and Structure

• الْإِضَافَةُ (Genitive Construct) is an Arabic grammatical structure that joins two or more nouns.
• This structure shows a relationship of ownership, connection, or material between nouns.
• The structure contains two main parts:
  1. الْمُضَافُ (First Noun / Attached Noun): The noun that comes first in the phrase.
  2. الْمُضَافُ إِلَيْهِ (Second Noun / Anchor Noun): The noun that comes second and completes the meaning.
• You must always write the nouns in this exact order: الْمُضَافُ (First Noun) + الْمُضَافُ إِلَيْهِ (Second Noun).

Example:

• كِتَابُ مُحَمَّدٍ (Kitābu Muḥammadin) = Muhammad's book (the book of Muhammad)
  • كِتَابُ: الْمُضَافُ (First Noun)
  • مُحَمَّدٍ: الْمُضَافُ إِلَيْهِ (Second Noun)

2. Core Rules for Nouns

Follow strict grammatical rules for each noun in الْإِضَافَةُ (Genitive Construct).

Rules for الْمُضَافُ (First Noun)

• Do not add أَلْ التَّعْرِيفِ (Definite Article Al-) to الْمُضَافُ (First Noun).
• Do not add التَّنْوِينُ (Nunation) to الْمُضَافُ (First Noun).
• Set the case marker of الْمُضَافُ (First Noun) based on its grammatical function in the sentence. For example, use الْمَرْفُوعُ (Nominative Case) when it is a subject.

Rules for الْمُضَافُ إِلَيْهِ (Second Noun)

• Always set الْمُضَافُ إِلَيْهِ (Second Noun) to الْمَجْرُورُ (Genitive Case). It usually ends with a kasrah (ـِ) or kasratayn (ـٍ).
• You can add أَلْ التَّعْرِيفِ (Definite Article Al-) if the second noun is definite.
• You can add التَّنْوِينُ (Nunation) if the second noun is indefinite.

Comparison Examples:

• كِتَابُ الطَّالِبِ (Kitābu al-ṭālibi): The student's book (الْمُضَافُ إِلَيْهِ has أَلْ التَّعْرِيفِ).
• كِتَابُ طَالِبٍ (Kitābu ṭālibin): A student's book (الْمُضَافُ إِلَيْهِ has التَّنْوِينُ).

3. Semantic Relationships

الْإِضَافَةُ (Genitive Construct) expresses four main relationships between nouns:

1. Ownership: Shows who owns an object.
   • Example: كِتَابُ الطَّالِبِ (Kitābu al-ṭālibi) — the student's book.
2. Material: Shows what material forms an object.
   • Example: خَاتَمُ فِضَّةٍ (Khātamu fiḍḍatin) — a ring of silver (a silver ring).
3. Time or Place: Shows when or where an event occurs.
   • Example: صَلَاةُ اللَّيْلِ (Ṣalātu al-layli) — night prayer (prayer at night).
4. Part to Whole: Shows a fraction of a full object.
   • Example: قِطْعَةُ خُبْزٍ (Qiṭʿatu khubzin) — a piece of bread.

4. Special Word Forms and Pronouns

Pronouns, dual nouns, and sound masculine plurals follow specific spelling rules in الْإِضَافَةُ (Genitive Construct).

الْإِضَافَةُ (Genitive Construct) with الضَّمِيرُ الْمُتَّصِلُ (Attached Pronoun)

• Attach possessive pronouns directly to the end of a noun.
• The noun acts as الْمُضَافُ (First Noun). It drops أَلْ التَّعْرِيفِ (Definite Article Al-) and التَّنْوِينُ (Nunation).
• The attached pronoun acts as الْمُضَافُ إِلَيْهِ (Second Noun) and is فِي مَحَلِّ جَرٍّ (In the Genitive Position).
• A noun attached to a pronoun automatically becomes الْمَعْرِفَةُ (Definite Noun).
  • Example: كِتَابُهُ (Kitābuhu) — his book (كِتَابُ is the noun + ـهُ is the attached pronoun).

الْمُثَنَّى (Dual Noun) and جَمْعُ الْمُذَكَّرِ السَّالِمُ (Sound Masculine Plural)

• Remove the final letter Nun (ن) when these nouns act as الْمُضَافُ (First Noun).
• Use the letter Alif (ا) for a dual الْمُضَافُ (First Noun) in الْمَرْفُوعُ (Nominative Case).
  • Example: بَيْتَانِ (two houses) + رَجُلٍ becomes بَيْتَا رَجُلٍ (Baytā rajulin) — two houses of a man.
• Use the letter Waw (و) for a sound masculine plural الْمُضَافُ (First Noun) in الْمَرْفُوعُ (Nominative Case).
  • Example: مُدَرِّسُونَ (teachers) + الْوَلَدِ becomes مُدَرِّسُو الْوَلَدِ (Mudarrisū al-waladi) — the boy's teachers.
• Use the letter Ya (ي) for duals and sound masculine plurals in الْمَنْصُوبُ (Accusative Case) and الْمَجْرُورُ (Genitive Case).
  • Examples: بَيْتَيْ رَجُلٍ (Baytay rajulin) and مُدَرِّسِي الْوَلَدِ (Mudarrisī al-waladi).

Additional notes for dual and soun masculine plural in Idafah construction

When a Dual noun (Mutsanna) or a Sound Masculine Plural (Jam' Mudhakkar Salim) serves as a Mudaf, it must drop its final letter Nun (ن). Despite losing the Nun, the noun still declines through its corresponding case markers (Alif, Waw, or Ya).

The following case paradigm illustrates how dual and sound masculine plural nouns behave when annexed across all three grammatical cases:

Phonetic Clarification Note: In the accusative and genitive states, both dual and sound masculine plural nouns utilize the letter Ya (ي) after dropping the Nun. However, they are distinguished phonetically by the preceding vowel:

• Dual Accusative/Genitive (Baytay): Retains a fatha on the consonant preceding the Ya (e.g., بَيْتَيْ - Baytay).
• Sound Masculine Plural Accusative/Genitive (Mudarrisii): Takes a kasrah on the consonant preceding the Ya (e.g., مُدَرِّسِي - Mudarrisii).

Dropping the final letter Nun (ن) removes phonetic stiffness during recitation and speech. It signals to the listener that the dual or plural noun is incomplete on its own and requires the following Mudaf Ilaih to complete its syntactic meaning.

5. Definiteness Inheritance and Adjectives

الْمُضَافُ (First Noun) gets its definiteness from الْمُضَافُ إِلَيْهِ (Second Noun). This transfer controls how you place النَّعْتُ (Adjective).

اكْتِسَابُ التَّعْرِيفِ (Definiteness Transfer)

• الْمُضَافُ (First Noun) cannot take the physical article أَلْ التَّعْرِيفِ (Definite Article Al-).
• الْمُضَافُ (First Noun) inherits the status of الْمَعْرِفَةُ (Definite Noun) when attached to a definite الْمُضَافُ إِلَيْهِ (Second Noun).
• الْمُضَافُ (First Noun) remains النَّكِرَةُ (Indefinite Noun) when attached to an indefinite الْمُضَافُ إِلَيْهِ (Second Noun), but it receives التَّخْصِيصُ (Specification).

Placement and Agreement of النَّعْتُ (Adjective)

Never place an adjective between الْمُضَافُ (First Noun) and الْمُضَافُ إِلَيْهِ (Second Noun).

• To describe الْمُضَافُ (First Noun):
  • Place النَّعْتُ (Adjective) after the full الْإِضَافَةُ (Genitive Construct) phrase.
  • Match this adjective to الْمُضَافُ (First Noun) in case, gender, number, and inherited definiteness.
  • Example: وَلَدُ الرَّجُلِ الصَّالِحُ (Waladu al-rajuli al-ṣāliḥu) — the pious son of the man (الصَّالِحُ matches وَلَدُ in الْمَرْفُوعُ [Nominative Case] and definiteness).
  • Example: بَابُ السَّيَّارَةِ الْجَدِيدُ (Bābu al-sayyārati al-jadīdu) — the new door of the car.
• To describe الْمُضَافُ إِلَيْهِ (Second Noun):
  • Place النَّعْتُ (Adjective) immediately after الْمُضَافُ إِلَيْهِ (Second Noun).
  • Match this adjective to الْمُضَافُ إِلَيْهِ (Second Noun), which is always in الْمَجْرُورُ (Genitive Case).
  • Example: وَلَدُ الرَّجُلِ الصَّالِحِ (Waladu al-rajuli al-ṣāliḥi) — the son of the pious man (الصَّالِحِ matches الرَّجُلِ in الْمَجْرُورُ [Genitive Case]).

Example: بَابُ السَّيَّارَةِ الْحَمْرَاءِ (Bābu al-sayyārati al-ḥamrāʾi) — the door of the red car.

6. Complex Chains and Case Precision

You can build longer noun chains and apply accurate case endings in full sentences.

Longer Chains of الْإِضَافَةُ (Genitive Construct)

• You can link three or more nouns in sequence.
• A middle noun functions as الْمُضَافُ إِلَيْهِ (Second Noun) to the preceding noun and الْمُضَافُ (First Noun) to the following noun.
• Therefore, a middle noun takes الْمَجْرُورُ (Genitive Case) and drops أَلْ التَّعْرِيفِ (Definite Article Al-) and التَّنْوِينُ (Nunation).

Example:

• بَابُ بَيْتِ الْوَزِيرِ (Bābu bayti al-wazīri) — the door of the house of the minister.
  • بَابُ: الْمُضَافُ (First Noun)
  • بَيْتِ: الْمُضَافُ إِلَيْهِ (Second Noun) to بَابُ, and الْمُضَافُ (First Noun) to الْوَزِيرِ
  • الْوَزِيرِ: Final الْمُضَافُ إِلَيْهِ (Second Noun)

Grammatical Case Clarification for الْمُثَنَّى (Dual Noun)

• Use the الْمَرْفُوعُ (Nominative Case) form, such as بَيْتَا (Baytā), when the dual الْإِضَافَةُ (Genitive Construct) phrase is a subject.
  • Example: بَيْتَا الرَّجُلِ كَبِيرَانِ (Baytā al-rajuli kabīrāni) — The two houses of the man are big.
• Use the الْمَنْصُوبُ (Accusative Case) or الْمَجْرُورُ (Genitive Case) form, such as بَيْتَيْ (Baytay), when the dual phrase is a direct object or follows a preposition.
  • Example (Accusative): رَأَيْتُ بَيْتَيِ الرَّجُلِ (Raʾaytu baytayi al-rajuli) — I saw the two houses of the man.
  • Example (Genitive): ذَهَبْتُ إِلَى بَيْتَيِ الرَّجُلِ (Dhahabtu ilā baytayi al-rajuli) — I went to the two houses of the man.

7. Recap

Congratulations! You’ve now navigated the essentials of Al-Idafah, the backbone of Arabic noun relationships.

Let’s recap your key takeaways:

1️⃣ Structure is king: Always Mudaf + Mudaf Ilaih (e.g., كِتَابُ مُحَمَّدٍ).

2️⃣ Mudaf Rules: Never takes "ال" or tanween; case depends on its role.

3️⃣ Mudaf Ilaih Rules: Always genitive (ends with ـِ), and can be definite/indefinite.

4️⃣ Meanings Matter: From ownership (وَلَدُ الرَّجُلِ) to material (خَاتَمُ فِضَّةٍ).

5️⃣ Adjectives obey placement: Describe Mudaf? Place after whole phrase. Describe Mudaf Ilaih? Place right after it.

Whether you’re reading the Quran (رَبِّ ٱلْعَـٰلَمِينَ) or describing daily objects, Idafah is everywhere. Keep practicing with our quiz, and soon "the door of the minister’s house" (بَابُ بَيْتِ الوَزِيرِ) will roll off your tongue effortlessly. Remember: Arabic grammar is a journey – and you’ve just conquered a vital milestone!

🔢 Quiz 1: Mudaf and Mudaf Ilaih Basics

Choose the correct answers

Answers

Arabic Idafah Construction: Practice Sentences & Self-Check Worksheet

Understanding Al-Idafah (الإِضَافَةُ) requires both structural memorization and active application. This worksheet provides structured practice sentences, a self-assessment exercise suite, and an explicit answer key grounded in classical Arabic grammar (Nahwu).

1. Quick Reference: The Core Mechanics of Idafah

Before attempting the exercises, review the foundational rules governing noun annexation:

• Structure Order: Always Mudaf (مُضَاف) + Mudaf Ilaih (مُضَاف إِلَيْهِ).
• Mudaf (First Noun):
  • Never takes the definite article الـ.
  • Never takes tanween (ــٌ / ــً / ــٍ).
  • Takes its case marker (Dammah, Fathah, or Kasrah) based on its syntactic role in the sentence.
  • Drops the final letter ن (Nun) if it is Dual (Mutsanna) or Sound Masculine Plural (Jam' Mudhakkar Salim).
  • Inherits definiteness (Ma'rifah) when attached to a definite Mudaf Ilaih, or specification (Takhsis) when attached to an indefinite Mudaf Ilaih.
• Mudaf Ilaih (Second Noun):
  • Always in the genitive case (Majrur / مَجْرُورٌ).
  • Can be definite with الـ, indefinite with tanween, or an attached possessive pronoun (Dhamir Muttasil).
• Adjective Placement:
  • Adjectives modifying the Mudaf appear after the entire Idafah phrase and match the Mudaf in gender, number, case, and inherited definiteness.
  • Adjectives modifying the Mudaf Ilaih appear immediately after the Mudaf Ilaih and match it in gender, number, case, and definiteness.

2. Part I: Contextual Practice Sentences & Structural Analysis

The following sentences illustrate Idafah constructions across various syntactic environments. Examine the vocalization, transliteration, and grammatical breakdown provided for each sentence.

Sentence 1: Basic Ownership & Definite Annexation

كَتَبَ الطَّالِبُ فِي كِتَابِ مُحَمَّدٍ. Transliteration: Kataba al-talibu fi kitabi Muhammadin. Translation: "The student wrote in Muhammad's book."

The table below breaks down the Idafah phrase within this prepositional sentence.

Sentence 2: Material & Indefinite Annexation

لَبِسَتْ بِنْتُ الوَزِيرِ خَاتَمَ فِضَّةٍ. Transliteration: Labisat bintu al-waziri khatama fiddatin. Translation: "The minister's daughter wore a silver ring (a ring of silver)."

This sentence contains two distinct Idafah constructions acting in different syntactic positions.

Sentence 3: Attached Possessive Pronoun (Dhamir Muttasil)

حَفِظَ الطَّالِبُ دَرْسَهُ فِي مَدْرَسَتِنَا. Transliteration: Hafiza al-talibu darsahu fi madrasatina. Translation: "The student memorized his lesson in our school."

When an attached pronoun joins a noun, it functions as the Mudaf Ilaih.

Sentence 4: Dual Mudaf in the Nominative Case (Marfu')

جَاءَ بَيْتَا رَجُلٍ إِلَى المَدِينَةِ. Transliteration: Ja'a bayta rajulin ila al-madinati. Translation: "Two houses of a man came to notice in the city / Two houses of a man stand in the city."

Dual nouns drop their final ن (Nun) when functioning as Mudaf.

Sentence 5: Dual Mudaf in Accusative/Genitive Case (Mansub / Majrur)

رَأَيْتُ بَيْتَيْ رَجُلٍ فِي القَرِيَةِ. Transliteration: Ra'aytu baytay rajulin fi al-qaryati. Translation: "I saw two houses of a man in the village."

Sentence 6: Sound Masculine Plural Mudaf across Case Declensions

حَضَرَ مُدَرِّسُو المَدْرَسَةِ وَسَلَّمْتُ عَلَى مُدَرِّسِي المَدْرَسَةِ. Transliteration: Hadara mudarrisoo al-madrasati wa sallamtu 'ala mudarrisee al-madrasati. Translation: "The teachers of the school attended, and I greeted the teachers of the school."

Sound masculine plurals replace the nominative و (Waw) with ي (Ya) in oblique cases while omitting the final ن (Nun).

Sentence 7: Adjective Modifying the Mudaf vs. Mudaf Ilaih

Examine how case endings alter the descriptive target of the adjective:

• Example A (Describing the Mudaf): وَلَدُ الرَّجُلِ الصَّالِحُ (Waladu al-rajuli al-salihu) $\rightarrow$ "The pious son of the man." Explanation: الصَّالِحُ is nominative (ـُ) to match وَلَدُ (nominative subject). It takes الـ because وَلَدُ inherits definite status from الرَّجُلِ.
• Example B (Describing the Mudaf Ilaih): وَلَدُ الرَّجُلِ الصَّالِحِ (Waladu al-rajuli al-salihi) $\rightarrow$ "The son of the pious man." Explanation: الصَّالِحِ is genitive (ـِ) to match الرَّجُلِ (genitive Mudaf Ilaih).

Sentence 8: Multi-Term Annexation Chain (Double Idafah)

فَتَحَ الحَارِسُ بَابَ بَيْتِ الوَزِيرِ. Transliteration: Fataha al-harisu baba bayti al-waziri. Translation: "The guard opened the door of the minister's house."

3. Part II: Self-Check Worksheet

Complete the following exercises to evaluate your mastery of Idafah rules.

Exercise A: Identifying Errors & Correcting Structures

Each sentence below contains one grammatical violation of Idafah rules. Identify the error and write the corrected phrase.

1. الْكِتَابُ الطَّالِبِ جَدِيدٌ.
2. قَرَأْتُ كِتَابً مُحَمَّدٍ.
3. جَاءَ مُدَرِّسُونَ المَدْرَسَةِ.
4. رَأَيْتُ بَيْتَانِ الرَّجُلِ.
5. هَذَا كِتَابِي الجَدِيدِ.

Exercise B: Sentence Transformation & Synthesis

Combine the given isolated words into a grammatically correct Idafah construction according to the specified context.

1. Combine مَفَاتِيحٌ (keys) + سَيَّارَةٌ (car) in the nominative case (Marfu').
2. Combine قَلَمٌ (pen) + ـهُ (his pronoun) as a direct object in the accusative case (Mansub).
3. Combine قِطْعَةٌ (piece) + خُبْزٌ (bread) in the genitive case (Majrur) after a preposition.
4. Combine مُعَلِّمُونَ (teachers, pl.) + الْمَدِينَةُ (the city) as a subject in the nominative case (Marfu').
5. Combine بَيْتَانِ (two houses) + الرَّجُلُ (the man) in the accusative case (Mansub) as a direct object.

Exercise C: Adjective Matching & Vocalization

Select or supply the correctly vocalized adjective in parentheses to complete each sentence.

1. قَرَأْتُ كِتَابَ الرَّجُلِ ( الكَبِيرُ / الكَبِيرَ / الكَبِيرِ ) to describe كِتَابَ (the book).
2. سَمِعْتُ صَوْتَ البِنْتِ ( الجَمِيلُ / الجَمِيلَ / الجَمِيلِ ) to describe البِنْتِ (the girl).
3. زُرْتُ مَدِينَةَ المَلِكِ ( القَدِيمَةَ / القَدِيمَةُ / القَدِيمَةِ ) to describe مَدِينَةَ (the city).
4. هَذَا قَلَمِي ( الجَدِيدُ / الجَدِيدَ / الجَدِيدِ ) to describe قَلَمِي (my pen).
5. رَأَيْتُ سَيَّارَةَ الـمُدَرِّسِ ( السَرِيعَةِ / السَرِيعَةَ / السَرِيعَةُ ) to describe سَيَّارَةَ (the car).

Exercise D: Multiple-Choice Concepts

Select the single best answer for each question.

1. What happens to a dual noun (Mutsanna) when it functions as a Mudaf in the accusative case?
   • A) It retains its final ن and takes a fathah.
   • B) It drops its final ن and ends with ا (Alif).
   • C) It drops its final ن and ends with ي (Ya).
   • D) It takes tanween on the final letter.
2. Why does the adjective carry الـ in the phrase كِتَابِي الْجَدِيدُ ("My new book")?
   • A) Because كِتَابِي has an invisible الـ attached to the front.
   • B) Because كِتَابِي is definite due to annexation to the attached pronoun ـِي.
   • C) Because adjectives in Arabic always require الـ regardless of the noun.
   • D) Because كِتَابِي is in the genitive case.
3. In the triple chain بَابُ بَيْتِ الوَزِيرِ, what is the syntactic case and status of the middle noun بَيْتِ?
   • A) Nominative Mudaf only.
   • B) Genitive Mudaf Ilaih to بَابُ, and Mudaf to الوَزِيرِ.
   • C) Accusative direct object with tanween.
   • D) Indefinite adjective describing بَابُ.

4. Part III: Answer Key & Analytical Explanations

Answer Key for Exercise A: Error Correction

1. Incorrect: الْكِتَابُ الطَّالِبِ جَدِيدٌ.
   • Corrected Form: كِتَابُ الطَّالِبِ جَدِيدٌ.
   • Explanation: The Mudaf (كِتَابُ) must never take the definite article الـ.
2. Incorrect: قَرَأْتُ كِتَابً مُحَمَّدٍ.
   • Corrected Form: قَرَأْتُ كِتَابَ مُحَمَّدٍ.
   • Explanation: The Mudaf (كِتَابَ) must never take tanween (ــً). Since it is a direct object, it takes a single fathah (ـَ).
3. Incorrect: جَاءَ مُدَرِّسُونَ المَدْرَسَةِ.
   • Corrected Form: جَاءَ مُدَرِّسُو المَدْرَسَةِ.
   • Explanation: A sound masculine plural functioning as Mudaf must drop its final letter ن (Nun).
4. Incorrect: رَأَيْتُ بَيْتَانِ الرَّجُلِ.
   • Corrected Form: رَأَيْتُ بَيْتَيْ الرَّجُلِ.
   • Explanation: Dual nouns drop their final ن in Idafah. Furthermore, as a direct object (Mansub), the dual indicator changes from ا (Alif) to ي (Ya).
5. Incorrect: هَذَا كِتَابِي الجَدِيدِ.
   • Corrected Form: هَذَا كِتَابِي الجَدِيدُ.
   • Explanation: The noun كِتَابِي is the predicate (Khabar) in the nominative case (Marfu'). The adjective modifying it must also be nominative (الجَدِيدُ), not genitive.

Answer Key for Exercise B: Sentence Transformation

1. Combined Form: مَفَاتِيحُ السَّيَّارَةِ (Mafateehu al-sayyarati)
   • Grammar Notes: مَفَاتِيحُ takes a single dammah (nominative, no الـ, no tanween); السَّيَّارَةِ takes kasrah (Mudaf Ilaih).
2. Combined Form: قَلَمَهُ (Qalamahu)
   • Grammar Notes: قَلَمَ takes a single fathah as an accusative direct object; the attached pronoun ـهُ occupies the genitive position (Fi Mahalli Jarr).
3. Combined Form: فِي قِطْعَةِ خُبْزٍ (Fi qit'ati khubzin)
   • Grammar Notes: قِطْعَةِ takes a single kasrah governed by فِي; خُبْزٍ takes tanween kasrah as an indefinite genitive Mudaf Ilaih.
4. Combined Form: مُعَلِّمُو المَدِينَةِ (Mu'allimoo al-madinati)
   • Grammar Notes: The sound masculine plural مُعَلِّمُونَ loses its ن and retains و for the nominative subject case.
5. Combined Form: رَأَيْتُ بَيْتَيْ الرَّجُلِ (Ra'aytu baytay al-rajuli)
   • Grammar Notes: The dual بَيْتَيْنِ loses its ن and adopts ي for the accusative direct object case.

Answer Key for Exercise C: Adjective Selection

1. Correct Choice: الكَبِيرَ (al-kabeera)
   • Sentence: قَرَأْتُ كِتَابَ الرَّجُلِ الكَبِيرَ
   • Reasoning: Modifies كِتَابَ (accusative direct object, definite via annexation). The adjective matches in case (accusative fathah) and definiteness (الـ).
2. Correct Choice: الجَمِيلَ (al-jameela) or الجَمِيلِ (al-jameeli) based on intended target:
   • Standard target: الجَمِيلِ modifies البِنْتِ ("the voice of the beautiful girl"). Matches genitive kasrah.
   • Alternate target: الجَمِيلَ modifies صَوْتَ ("the beautiful voice of the girl"). Matches accusative fathah.
3. Correct Choice: القَدِيمَةَ (al-qadeemata)
   • Sentence: زُرْتُ مَدِينَةَ المَلِكِ القَدِيمَةَ
   • Reasoning: Modifies مَدِينَةَ (feminine accusative direct object). Takes fathah and الـ.
4. Correct Choice: الجَدِيدُ (al-jadeedu)
   • Sentence: هَذَا قَلَمِي الجَدِيدُ
   • Reasoning: Modifies قَلَمِي (nominative predicate, definite via attached pronoun). Takes dammah and الـ.
5. Correct Choice: السَرِيعَةَ (al-saree'ata)
   • Sentence: رَأَيْتُ سَيَّارَةَ المُدَرِّسِ السَرِيعَةَ
   • Reasoning: Modifies سَيَّارَةَ (accusative direct object). Matches in accusative case and definiteness.

Answer Key for Exercise D: Multiple-Choice Concepts

1. Correct Answer: C) It drops its final ن and ends with ي (Ya).
   • Explanation: In Idafah, dual nouns drop the final ن. In accusative and genitive cases, the dual stem marker is ي (e.g., بَيْتَيْ).
2. Correct Answer: B) Because كِتَابِي is definite due to annexation to the attached pronoun ـِي.
   • Explanation: Under Iktisab al-Ta'rif, attaching any possessive pronoun makes the noun definite. An adjective modifying a definite noun must take الـ.
3. Correct Answer: B) Genitive Mudaf Ilaih to بَابُ, and Mudaf to الوَزِيرِ.
   • Explanation: In multi-term chains, intermediate nouns serve dual functions: receiving genitive case from the preceding noun while dropping الـ and tanween to annex the following noun.