Mudaf - Mudaf ilaihi - Durusul lughah vol 1 lesson 5

Alhamdulillah, we have finished the lesson number 4. Now, we will continue on the lesson 5 from kitaab Durus al-lughah volume 1.







Observe the picture above. From the image we learn mudaf and mudaf ilaihi rules.


1. كِتَابُ مُحَمَّدٍ = kitaabu muhammadin = Muhammad's book.

The rules are:

a. The first word is the thing possesed. In Arabic grammar, it is called mudaf  (مُضَافٌ ).
كِتَابُ  is called mudaf.

b. The second word is the possessor. In Arabic grammar, it is called mudaf ilaih ( مُضَافٌ  إِلَيْهِ )
مُحَمَّدٍ  is called mudaf ilaihi.

c. Mudaf is always definite by position but has no tanwin (has no indefinite article), and it doesn't need the definite article (  ال ).

كِتَابٌ مُحَمَّدٍ  is wrong.

الْكِتَابُ مُحَمَّدٍ   is wrong.

d. Mudaf ilaih is majruur ( مَجْرُورٌ ). Therefore we write مُحَمَّدٍ  instead of مُحَمَّدٌ

e. Mudaf ilaihi can have tanwin or can have definite article (  ال ). See point number 4.


In English, the possessive form => Muhammad's book
The possessive form in Arabic is called idaafah => كِتَابُ مُحَمَّدٍ



2. كِتَابُ حَامِدٍ  (kitaabu haamidin)  = Hamid's book.

a. كِتَابُ = mudaf, definite by position, has no tanwin (indefinite article), has no definite article (ال ).

b. حَامِدٍ  = mudaf ilaih, majrur.



3. دَفْتَرُ عَمَّارٍ = daftaru 'ammaarin = Ammar's notebook.

a. دَفْتَرُ = mudaf, definite by position, has no tanwin (indefinite article), has no definite article (ال ).

b. عَمَّارٍ  = mudaf ilaih, majrur.



4. مَكْتَبُ الْمُدَرِّسِ  = maktabu al-mudarrisi = teacher's desk.

a. مَكْتَبُ  = mudaf, definite by position, has no tanwin (indefinite article), has no definite article (ال ).

b. الْمُدَرِّسِ  = mudaf ilaih, majrur, mudaf ilaihi can have tanwin or can have definite article (ال ).


Notes:

You can see in the text => مَكْتَبِ الْمُدَرِّسِ

Why is it written maktabi al-mudarrisi, not maktabu al-mudarrisi?

As we have learned before in the former lesson, see :

http://learnarabicstepbystep.blogspot.com/2018/09/preposition-durusul-lughah-vol-1-lesson-4.html
http://learnarabicstepbystep.blogspot.com/2018/09/huruuf-al-jar-durusul-lughah-vol-1.html

maktab is majrur because maktab is preceded by harf jar ( عَلَى  ).

Therefore =>  عَلَى مَكْتَبِ الْمُدَرِّسِ  = 'alaa maktabil mudarrisi = on the teacher's desk.




5. قَلَمُ الْمُدَرِّسِ  = qalamu al-mudarrisi = the teacher's pen.

a. قَلَمُ  = mudaf, definite by position, has no tanwin (indefinite article), has no definite article (ال ).

b. الْمُدَرِّسِ  = mudaf ilaih, majrur, mudaf ilaihi can have tanwin or can have definite article (ال ).



6. حَقِيْبَةُ الْمُدَرِّسِ  = haqiibatu al-mudarrisi = the teacher's bag.

a. حَقِيْبَةُ = mudaf, definite by position, has no tanwin (indefinite article), has no definite article (ال ).

b. الْمُدَرِّسِ  = mudaf ilaih, majrur, mudaf ilaihi can have tanwin or can have definite article (ال ).



7. قَلَمُ مَنْ هَذَا ؟  = qalamu man haadhaa? = whose pen is this?

You can ask the owner of the thing in Arabic language with the sentence like above.

For example:

- Whose book is this?  => كِتَابُ مَنْ هَذَا ؟

- Whose bag is this?  => حَقِيْبَةُ مَنْ هَذِهِ ؟

Recap of mudaf - mudah ilaihi

Understand more concept, like mudaf-mudaf ilaihi meaning, mudaf-mudaf ilaihi rules, and examples.

You can also read the examples mudaf mudaf ilaihi in al-Quran.

Harfu an-nida (vocative particle) 

In 5th lesson, we also learn vocative particle => يَا

The basic rule of vocative particle يَا :

- A noun following يَا  has only one dammah.


For example :

يَا أُسْتَاذُ
يَا بِلَالُ


Observe the image below for understanding harf munada

New vocabulary

الرَّسُوْلُ  = the messenger

الكَعْبَةُ  = the ka'bah

الْاِسْمُ  = the name

الاِبْنُ  = the son

الْعَمُّ  =  paternal uncle

الْخَالُ  = maternal uncle

الْحَقِيْبَةُ  = the bag

السَّيَّارَةُ  = the car

الشَّارِعُ  = the street

مُغْلَقٌ  = closed

تَحْتَ  = under

هُنَاكَ  = there

الْمُهَنْدِسُ  =  the engineer


We will continue on lesson 6, in shaa Allah.