Preposition in Arabic - Durusul lughah vol 1 lesson 4

This is a lesson 4 section 1. The subject is harf jar or preposition.


Perhaps you need to recap the previous lessons, so learn them here:

Lesson 1 - demonstrative pronoun

Lesson 2 - demonstrative pronoun (ذَالِكَ )

Lesson 3 - definite & indefinite noun


Let's continue to learn lesson 4. 

See the image below.





This lesson shows you the rule of preposition.

In Arabic this preposition is called حَرْفُ جَرٍّ (harf jar).


From the image we can see the examples of preposition :

1. فِي  = in

2. عَلَى  = on


The rule is :

When a noun is preceded by harf jar (preposition), it is said to be in genitive case.

Genitive case in Arabic is called مَجْرُوْرٌ



Practice the rule

1. noun = البَيْتُ

This noun is in nominative case or مَرْفُوْعٌ => ending vowel sign is u (dummah)

Now, if you want to say "in the house" , you must precede a correct preposition (harf jar), namely فِي

Then the ending of the vowel must be changed to kasrah (genitive case) =>  فِي البَيْتِ



2. noun = الْمَسْجِدُ

in the mosque = فِي الْمَسْجِدِ



3. Desk = الْمَكْتَبُ

On the desk = عَلَى الْمَكْتَبِ



4. bed = السَّرِيْرُ

On the bed =  عَلَى السَّرِيْرِ



In the image, you can learn new arabic vocabulary. Let me translate them for you.

New vocabulary


1. أَيْنَ  = where

2. سَاعَةٌ = watch

3. غُرْفَةٌ  = room

4. حَمَّامٌ  = toilet

5. مَطْبَخٌ  = kitchen


Sentence examples

Where is Muhammad? = أَيْنَ مُحَمَّدٌ؟
He is in the room = هُوَ فِي الغُرْفَةِ


Where is the book? = أَيْنَ الكِتَابُ؟
It is on the desk = هُوَ عَلَى الْمَكْتَبِ

Notes:
Book uses pronoun هُوَ  because الكِتَابُ is masculine noun.


Is Amina in the room? = أَآمِنَةُ فِي الغُرْفَةِ ؟
No, she is in the kitchen = لَا, هِيَ فِي الْمَطْبَجِ

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You can learn durusul lughatul arabiyyah english at another article in this blog.

Thank you for reading, I will make a simple note from the lesson in the next article.