Start Your Arabic Journey: Unlock Vocabulary & Basics Grammar in Durus al-Lughah Vol 1, Lesson 1
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This is the crucial first step in your journey to learning the beautiful Arabic language using the renowned Durus al-Lughah series by Shaikh V Abdur Rahim (rahimahullah).
In this session, we'll carefully read the text of Lesson 1, provide a clear translation, and break down the meaning of each and every word to build your essential vocabulary from the ground up.
We'll also uncover the fundamental grammar rules introduced in this lesson.
Don't stop here! Mastering each lesson in this book builds upon the last, systematically guiding you towards understanding the language of the Quran and classical texts.
Commit to finishing this journey with us – consistency is key, and the rewards of understanding are immense. Keep going, and you'll see incredible progress!
Read, Translate, Understand: Dive into Durus al-Lughah Volume 1, Lesson 1 Vocabulary
Let's start reading the book's cover.
Reading the text and the English meaning
1. دُرُوسُ اللُّغَةُ العَرَبِيَّةُ (durusul lughatul 'arabiyyatu): Arabic language lessons.
a. دُرُوسٌ (duruusun): lessons.
It's plural, the singular form of دُرُوسٌ is ➡️ دَرْسٌ (darsun).
b. لُغَةٌ (lughatun): language.
c. عَرَبِيَّةٌ ('arabiyyatun): Arabic.
2. لِغَيْرِ النَّاطِقِينَ بِهَا (lighayrin naatiqiina bihaa): for non-Arabic speakers/for non-native speakers.
a. لِ (li): for
b. نَاطِقُونَ (naatiquuna): speakers.
It's plural, the singular form of نَاطِقُونَ is ➡️ نَاطِقٌ (naatiqun).
c. بِ (bi): with
d. هَا (haa): attached pronoun refers to 'لُغَةٌ'.
3. الدُّكْتُور ف.عَبْدُ الرَّحِيمِ (ad-duktuur fi 'abdur rahiim): Doctor V. Abdur Rahim.
4. الجُزْءُ الأَوَّلُ (al-juz ul awwalu): volume one; first volume
a. جُزْءٌ (juz-un): part, in the context of books, 'جُزْءٌ ' refers to a 'volume'.
b. أَوَّلٌ (awwalun): first.
Lesson 1: هَذَا (hadha)
Reading Lesson 1 (hadha:هذا) text and the English meaning
1. الدَّرْسُ الأَوَّلٌ (ad-darsul awwalu): First lesson
a. دَرْسٌ (darsun): lesson.
b. أَوَّلٌ (awwalun): first.
2. هَذَا بَيْتٌ (hadha baytun): This is a house
a. هَذَا (hadha): this.
b. بَيْتٌ (baytun): a house.
3. هَذَا مَسْجِدٌ (hadha masjidun): This is a mosque.
a. هَذَا (hadha): this.
b. مَسْجِدٌ (masjidun): a mosque.
4. هَذَا بَابٌ (hadha baabun): This is a door.
a. هَذَا (hadha): this.
b. بَابٌ (baabun): a door.
5. هَذَا كِتَابٌ (hadha kitaabun): This is a book.
a. هَذَا (hadha): this.
b. كِتَابٌ (kitaabun): a book.
6. هَذَا قَلَمٌ (hadha qalamun): This is a pen.
a. هَذَا (hadha): this.
b. قَلَمٌ (qalamun): a pen.
7. هَذَا مِفْتَاحٌ (hadha miftaahun): This is a key.
a. هَذَا (hadha): this.
b. مِفْتَاحٌ (miftaahun): a key.
8. هَذَا مَكْتَبٌ (hadha maktabun): This is a desk.
a. هَذَا (hadha): this.
b. مَكْتَبٌ (maktabun): a desk.
9. هَذَا سَرِيْرٌ (hadha sariirun): This is a bed.
a. هَذَا (hadha): this.
b. سَرِيْرٌ (sariirun): a bed.
10. هَذَا كُرْسِيٌّ (hadha kursiyyun): This is a chair.
a. هَذَا (hadha): this.
b. كُرْسِيٌّ (kursiyyun): a chair.
From this text, we learn the following:
1. هَذَا (hadha): اسْمُ إِشَارَةٍ لِلْمُفْرَدِ المُذَكَّرِ القَرِيْبِ العَاقِلِ وَغَيْرِ العَاقِلِ (ism ishaarah lilmufrad al-mudhakkar al-qariib al-'aaqil waghayril 'aaqil),
هَذَا (hadha): Demonstrative pronoun for masculine singular, nearby, intelligent being and non-intelligent being.
a. اسْمُ إِشَارَةٍ (ismu ishaaratin): demonstrative pronoun.
b. مُفْرَدٌ (mufradun) : singular.
c. مُذَكَّرٌ (mudhakkarun) : masculine.
d. قَرِيبٌ (qariibun): near; nearby
e. عَاقِلٌ ('aaqilun): intelligent being (human, etc.)
f. غَيرُ عَاقِلٍ (ghayru 'aaqilin): non-intelligent being (non-human: things, animals, etc.).
2. هَذَا (hadha) must agree with the noun following it in terms of gender and number.
هَذَا بَيْتٌ
هَذَا : demonstrative pronoun for masculine singular.
بَيْتٌ: a masculine singular noun.
3. We have learned nine masculine singular nouns.
Video Version
Now, let's continue reading the next lesson.
Reading Lesson 1 (maa hadha:مَا هَذَا؟) text and the English meaning
1. مَا هَذَا؟ (maa hadha?): What is this?
a. مَا (maa): what.
b. هَذَا (hadha): this.
2. هَذَا بَيْتٌ (hadha baytun): This is a house.
a. هَذَا (hadha): this.
b. بَيْتٌ (baytun): a house.
3. أَهَذَا بَيْتٌ؟ (a hadha baytun?): Is this a house?
a. أَ (a) is interrogative hamzah especially for yes/no question.
b. هَذَا (hadha): this.
c. بَيْتٌ (baytun): a house.
4. نَعَمْ, هَذَا بَيْتٌ (na'am, hadha baytun): Yes, this is a house.
a. نَعَمْ (na'am): yes.
b. هَذَا (hadha): this.
c. بَيْتٌ (baytun): house.
5. هَذَا قَمِيصٌ (hadha qamiisun): This is a shirt.
a. هَذَا (hadha): this.
b. قَمِيصٌ (qamiisun): a shirt.
6. أَهَذَا سَرِيْرٌ؟ (a hadha sariirun?): Is this a bed?
a. أَ (a) is interrogative hamzah especially for yes/no question.
b. هَذَا (hadha): this.
c. سَرِيْرٌ (sariirun): a bed.
7. لاَ, هَذَا كُرْسِيٌّ (laa, hadha kursiyyun): No, this is a chair.
a. لاَ (laa): no.
b. هَذَا (hadha): this.
c. كُرْسِيٌّ (kursiyyun): a chair.
8. أَهَذَا مِفْتَاحٌ؟ (a hadha miftaahun?): Is this a key?
a. أَ (a) is interrogative hamzah especially for yes/no question.
b. هَذَا (hadha): this.
c. مِفْتَاحٌ (miftaahun): a key.
9. لاَ, هَذَا قَلَمٌ (laa, hadha qalamun): No, this is a pen.
a. لاَ (laa): no.
b. هَذَا (hadha): this.
c. قَلَمٌ (qalamun): a pen.
10. هَذَا نَجْمٌ (hadha najmun): This is star.
a. هَذَا (hadha): this.
b. نَجْمٌ (najmun): a star.
11. مَا: اِسْمُ اسْتِفْهَامٍ لِغَيرِ العَاقِلِ
(maa: ismu istifhaamin lighayril 'aaqil): interrogative noun for non-intelligent being/non-human entities.
12. أ : هَمْزَةُ الاِسْتِفْهَامِ
(hamzah: hamzatul istifhaamin): interrogative hamzah.
13. حَرْفٌ جَوَابٌ : نَعَمْ أَوْ لاَ
(harfun jawaab): answer particle.
(na'am aw laa): yes or no.
From this text, we learn the following:
1. مَا (maa) is interrogative noun for non-human. The meaning is 'what'.
2. أ (hamzah) is interrogative particle that is used for yes/no question. The answer particle is نَعَمْ (na'am) meaning 'yes', or لاَ (laa) meaning 'no'.
Let's finish the exercise 1
1. تَمْرِينٌ (tamriinun): exercise.
2. 'This is a key' in Arabic ➡️ هَذَا مِفْتَاحٌ (hadha miftaahun).
2. 'This is a book' in Arabic ➡️ هَذَا كِتَابٌ (hadha kitaabun).
3. 'This is a pen' in Arabic ➡️ هَذَا قَلَمٌ (hadha qalamun).
4. 'This is a door' in Arabic ➡️ هَذَا بَابٌ (hadha baabun).
5. 'This is a house' in Arabic ➡️ هَذَا بَيْتٌ (hadha baytun).
6. 'This is a chair' in Arabic ➡️ هَذَا كُرْسِيٌّ (hadha kursiyyun).
From exercise 1, we learn the following:
1. We have acquired the ability to respond to the question مَا هَذَا؟ (maa hadha?).
2. We have engaged in the practice of translating words in English, which are represented by pictures, into Arabic.
Let's finish the exercise 2
'No, this is a mosque' in Arabic ➡️ لاَ, هَذَا مَسْجِدٌ (laa, hadha masjidun).
2. أَهَذَا مِفْتَاحٌ؟ (a hadha miftaahun?): Is this a key?
'No, this is a pen' in Arabic ➡️ لاَ, هَذَا قَلَمٌ (laa, hadha qalamun).
3. أَهَذَا قَمِيصٌ؟ (a hadha qamiisun?): Is this a shirt?
'Yes, this is a shirt' in Arabic ➡️ نَعَمْ, هَذَا قَمِيصٌ (na'am, hadha qamiisun).
4. أَهَذَا نَجْمٌ (a hadha najmun?): Is this a star?
'Yes, this is a star' in Arabic ➡️ نَعَمْ, هَذَا نَجْمٌ (na'am, hadha najmun).
From exercise 2, we learn the following:
1. We have acquired the ability to respond to yes/no question (question using interrogative hamzah).
2. We have the ability to answer yes/no question using harf jawab (answer particle) نَعَم (na'am meaning yes) or لاَ (laa meaning no).
3. We have engaged in the practice of translating words in English, which are represented by pictures, into Arabic.
Let's finish exercise 3
1. اِقْرَأْ وَاكْتُبْ (iqra' waktub): Read and write.
a. اِقْرَأْ (iqra'): read
b. اُكْتُبْ (uktub): write.
2. هَذَا مَكْتَبٌ (hadha maktabun): This is a desk.
3. هَذَا مَسْجِدٌ (hadha masjidun): This is a mosque.
4. هَذَا قَلَمٌ (hadha qalamun): This is a pen.
5. هَذَا سَرِيرٌ (hadha sariirun): This is a bed.
6. مَا هَذَا؟ (maa hadha?): What is this?
7. هَذَا كُرْسِيٌّ (hadha kursiyyun): This is a chair.
8. أَهَذَا بَيْتٌ؟ (a hadha baytun?): Is this a house?
9. لاَ, هَذَا مَسْجِدٌ (laa, hadha masjidun): No, this is a mosque.
10. مَا هَذَا؟ هَذَا مِفْتَاحٌ (maa hadha? hadha miftaahun): What is this? This is a key.
From exercise 3, we learn the following:
We learn to read Arabic text without harakat and translate it into English.
Lesson 1: مَنْ هَذَا؟ (man hadha?)
Reading and translating Lesson 1: مَنْ هَذَا؟ (man hadha?)
1. مَنْ هَذَا؟ (man hadha?): Who is this?
a. مَنْ (man): اسْمُ اسْتِفْهَامٍ لِلْعَاقِلِ (ism istifhaamin lil 'aaqili) ➡️ interrogative noun for intelligent being/human.
The meaning of 'مَنْ' is 'who'.
b. هَذَا (hadha): This.
2. مَنْ هَذَا؟ هَذَا طَبِيبٌ (man hadha? hadha tabiibun): Who is this? This is a doctor.
a. طَبِيبٌ (tabiibun): doctor.
3. مَنْ هَذَ؟ هَذَا وَلَدٌ (man hadha? hadha waladun): Who is this? This is a boy.
a. وَلَدٌ (waladun): boy.
4. مَنْ هَذَا؟ هَذَا طَالِبٌ (man hadha? hadha taalibun): Who is this? This is a student.
a. طَالِبٌ (taalibun): student.
5. أَهَذَ وَلَدٌ؟ لاَ, هَذَا رَجُلٌ (a hadha waladun? laa, hadha rajulun): Is this a boy? No, this is a man.
a. رَجُلٌ (rajulun): man.
From the lesson on this page, we learned the following things:
1. We have learned from previous page that مَا (maa) is used for asking non-human such as things, animals, etc. The meaning of مَا is 'what'.
2. Now, we have learned مَنْ.
مَنْ (man) is used for asking intelligent being/human. The meaning of مَنْ is 'who'.
3. We have learned the vocabulary of masculine singular noun of intelligent being/human such as طَبِيبٌ (tabiibun) meaning a doctor, وَلَدٌ (waladun) meaning a boy, etc.
Lesson 1: مَنْ (man) vs. مَا (maa) | Who? vs. What?
Reading and Translating Lesson 1: مَنْ (man) vs. مَا (maa) | Who? vs. What?
1. مَنْ هَذَ؟ هَذَا مَسْجِدٌ (man hadha? hadha masjidun): What is this? This is a mosque.
a. مَنْ (man): who.
b. هَذَ (hadha): this.
c. مَسْجِدٌ (masjidun): mosque.
2. مَنْ هَذَ؟ هَذَا تَاجِرٌ (man hadha? hadha taajirun): Who is this? This is a merchant.
a. تَاجِرٌ (taajirun): merchant.
3. هَذَا كَلْبٌ (hadha kalbun): This is a dog.
a. كَلْبٌ (kalbun): dog.
4. أَهَذَا كَلْبٌ؟ (a hadha kalbun?): Is this a dog?
لاَ, هَذَا قِطٌّ (laa, hadha qittun): No, this is a cat.
a. كَلْبٌ (kalbun): dog.
b. قِطٌّ (qittun): cat.
5. هَذَا حِمَارٌ (hadha himaarun): This is a donkey.
6. أَهَذَا حِمَارٌ؟ (a hadha himaarun?): Is this a donkey?
لاَ, هَذَا حِصَانٌ (laa, hadha hisaanun): No, this is a horse.
a. حِمَارٌ (himaarun): donkey.
b. حِصَانٌ (hisaanun): horse.
7. وَمَا هَذَا؟ (wamaa hadha?): And what is this?
هَذَا جَمَلٌ (hadha jamalun): This is a camel.
a. وَ is حرف عطف (harf 'atf)/conjunction. The meaning is 'and'.
b. جَمَلٌ (jamalun): camel.
From the lesson on this page, we learned the following things:
1. وَ (wa) is conjunction in Arabic. The meaning of 'وَ' is 'and'.
Lesson 1: مَنْ (man) vs. مَا (maa) | Who? vs. What? (continued)
Reading and Translating Lesson 1: مَنْ (man) vs. مَا (maa) | Who? vs. What? (continued)
1. مَا هّذَا؟ هَذَا دِيْكٌ (maa hadha? hadha diikun): What is this? This is a rooster.
a. دِيْكٌ (diikun): rooster.
2. مَنْ هَذَا؟ هَذَا مُدَرِّسٌ (man hadha? hadha mudarrisun): Who is this? This is a teacher.
a. مُدَرِّسٌ (mudarrisun): teacher.
3. أَهَذَا قَمِيْصٌ؟ لا, هَذَا مِنْدِيلٌ (a hadha qamiisun? laa, hadha mindiilun): Is this a shirt? No, this is a handkerchief.
a. قَمِيْصٌ (qamiisun): shirt.
b. مِنْدِيلٌ (mindiilun): handkerchief.
تَمْرِينٌ
Exercise
مَا هَذَا؟ هَذَا قَلَمٌ
What is this? This is a pen.
هَذَا كَلْبٌ
This is a dog.
مَنْ هَذَا؟ هَذَا طَبِييٌ
Who is this? This is a doctor.
هَذَا جَمَلٌ
This is a camel.
أَهَذَا كَلْبٌ؟ لاَ, هَذَا قِطٌّ
Is this a dog? No, this is a cat.
أَهَذَا دِيْكٌ؟ نَعَمْ
Is this a rooster? Yes.
أَهَذَا حِصَانٌ؟ لاَ, هَذَا حَمَارٌ
Is this a horse? No, this is a donkey.
هَذَا مِنْدِيلٌ
This is a handkerchief.
أَهَذَ وَلَدٌ؟ نَعَمْ
Is this a boy? Yes
مَنْ هَذَا؟ هَذَا رَجُلٌ
Who is this? This is a man.
Video Lesson مَنْ (man) vs مَا (maa)
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the primary goal of the first lesson in Durus al-Lughah Volume 1?
The primary goal of the first lesson is to introduce fundamental Arabic vocabulary and basic grammar rules, specifically focusing on the demonstrative pronoun "hadha" (هذا), which means "this." It aims to build essential vocabulary and help learners understand how to use "hadha" with singular masculine nouns, both for intelligent beings (humans) and non-intelligent beings (things and animals).
What is the meaning and function of "hadha" (هذا) in Arabic?
"Hadha" (هذا) is a demonstrative pronoun in Arabic used for masculine singular nouns that are near. It functions similarly to "this" in English and can refer to both intelligent beings (like a doctor or a boy) and non-intelligent beings (like a house or a pen).
How are questions formed in this lesson using "maa" (َما) and "man" (َْمن)?
Questions are formed using interrogative particles. "Maa" (َما) is an interrogative noun used to ask about non-intelligent beings (things and animals), meaning "what?". "Man" (َْمن) is an interrogative noun used to ask about intelligent beings (humans), meaning "who?".
What is the function of the interrogative hamzah (أ) and how are yes/no questions answered?
The interrogative hamzah (أ) is a particle used at the beginning of a sentence to form a yes/no question. These questions are answered using "na'am" (نعم), meaning "yes," or "laa" (لا), meaning "no." These are referred to as answer particles ("harf jawaab").
Can "hadha" (هذا) be used for both people and objects?
Yes, "hadha" (هذا) is used for both intelligent beings (people) and non-intelligent beings (objects, animals, etc.) when they are masculine and singular and located nearby. The distinction in questioning them lies in using "man" (َْمن) for people and "maa" (َما) for objects and animals.
Quiz
1. What is the singular form of ُدُروُس (duruusun)?
2. In the phrase لغَير النَّاطِقين بها (lighayrin naatiqiina bihaa), what does هَا (haa) refer to?
3. What grammatical feature must هَذَا (hadha) agree with in the noun that follows it?
4. What is the meaning of مَا (maa) and what is it used for?
5. What is the purpose of the interrogative hamzah (َأ)?
6. What is the meaning of مَنْ (man) and what is it used for?
7. What is the meaning of the Arabic conjunction وَ (wa)?
Answer key
1. دَرْسٌ
2. ها (haa) is an attached pronoun that refers to 'لُغَة' (language).
3. هذا must agree with the noun following it in terms of gender and number.
4. مَا means "what" and is an interrogative noun used for non-intelligent beings (things, animals, etc.).
5. The interrogative hamzah (َأ) is used to form yes/no questions.
6. مَنْ means "who" and is an interrogative noun used for intelligent beings (humans).
7. The Arabic conjunction وَ means "and".
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