Lesson Points | 'Adad & Ma'dud - Durusul Lughah book 2 - lesson 6

In lesson 6, we are going to learn:

1. 13 - 19 number in Arabic for feminine ma'dud

We've learned 11- 20 in Arabic for masculine ma'dud , so you can review the number for masculine ma'dud there.

2. "which" in Arabic

3. أَظُنُّ أَنَّ (I think ...) : the rules and sentence example

4. Plural pattern: فِعَالٌ

5. Examples of fi'l amr : هَاتِ

Let's discuss them one by one, start form point number 1.

13 - 19 number in Arabic for feminine ma'dud

Before continuing 13-19, let's review number 11 dan 12.

The rules 11 and 12

a. Both parts of number agree with the ma'dud.

b. عَشَرَ is for masculine, عَشْرَةَ for feminine

c. the form of ma'dud is singular and mansub.

Examples:

- أَحَدَ عَشَرَ طَالِبًا = eleven students

both أَحَدَ and عَشَرَ  is masculine, because agree with the ma'dud "طَالِبًا" that is masculine noun.


- إِثْنَا عَشَرَ طَالِبًا = twelve students

both إِثْنَا and عَشَرَ  is masculine, because the ma'dud "طَالِبًا" is masculine.


- إِحْدَى عَشْرَةَ طَالِبَةً = elevent female students

both إِحْدَى  and  عَشْرَةَ  is  feminine, because the ma'dud "طَالِبَةً" is feminine.

- إِثْنَتَا عَشْرَةَ طَالِبَةً = twelve female students

both إِثْنَتَا and  عَشْرَةَ  is  feminine, because the ma'dud "طَالِبَةً" is feminine.

13-19 with feminine ma'dud : rules and examples

a. The second part of number agrees with ma'dud, whereas the first part does not.

b. the form of ma'dud is singular and mansub.


examples:

- ثَلاَثَ عَشْرَةَ طَالِبَةً = thirteen female students

Observe carefully:

* first part does not agree with ma'dud "طَالِبَةً", therefore it is masculine, that is ثَلاَثَ

* second part agree with ma'dud "طَالِبَةً", therefore it is feminine, that is عَشْرَةَ


Try to compare with the masculine ma'dud, observe the comparation carefully

ثَلاَثَةَ عَشَرَ طَالِبًا = thirteen students.

the ma'dud "طَالِبًا " is masculine, so :

* the first part must be feminine, that is ثَلاَثَةَ

* the second part (that agrees with the ma'dud) must be masculine, that is عَشَرَ


Okay, that's all the explanation about the number 13-19. I hope you understand comprehensively.

To make you memorize the basic concept easily, see the picture below.

أَيُّ "which" : the rules and examples

a. أَيُّ is mudaf

b. the noun following أَيُّ is majrur, because it is mudaf ilaih.

c. أَيُّ is mu'rab. It means the ending harakat can change, the changes depend on it's position in a sentence whether it's position as a mubtada', fa'il, maf'ul, etc.


sentence examples

- أَيُّ طَالِبٍ خَرَجَ؟
Which student went out?


أَيُّ = mubtada', marfu, the indication of it's rafa' is dammah "u

أَيُّ = mudaf

طَالِبٍ = mudaf ilaih, majrur, the indication of it's jar is kasrah "i"

خَرَجَ = khabar.

- أَيَّ كِتَابٍ قَرَأْتَ؟
Which book did you read?

أَيَّ = maf'ul bih, mansub, the indication of it's nasab is fat-hah "a"

أَيَّ = mudaf

كِتَابٍ = mudaf ilaih, majrur, the indication of it's jar is kasrah "i"

قَرَأْتَ = fi'il madi and fa'il ("ta" as damir muttasil that is acted as fa'il)

- بِأَيِّ قَلَمٍ كَتَبْتَ؟
Which pen did you write with?

بِ = preposition (harf jar)

أَيِّ = majrur, because it is preceded by preposition بِ, the indication of it's jar is kasrah "i"

أَيِّ = mudaf

قَلَمٍ = mudaf ilaih, majrur, the indication of it's jar is kasrah "i"

I think "أَظُنُّ أَنَّ" : the rules and sentence examples

a. أَنَّ is sister of إِنَّ

Review the إِنَّ here : إِنَّ - the rules and sentence examples


b. أَنَّ makes it's ism mansub, whereas the khabar is marfu'

Sentence examples:

- أَظُنُّ أَنَّ حَامِدًا مَرِيضٌ
I think that Hamid is sick.


أَنَّ = sister of إِنَّ

حَامِدًا = ism أَنَّ, mansub, the indication of it's nasab is fat-hah "a"

مَرِيضٌ = khabar أَنَّ , marfu', the indication of it's rafa' is dammah "u"



- أَظُنُّ أَنَّ فَاطِمَةَ غَائِبَةٌ
I think Fatimah is absent.

أَنَّ = sister of إِنَّ

فَاطِمَةَ = ism أَنَّ, mansub, the indication of it's nasab is fat-hah "a"

غَائِبَةٌ = khabar أَنَّ, marfu', the indication of it's rafa' is dammah "u"

The plural pattern of both masculine and feminine adjective : فِعَالٌ

We've learned in book 1, some adjectives like جَوعَانُ

جَوعَانُ is masculine form. The feminine of جَوعَانُ  is جَوعَى

Both of them have the same plural pattern, that is فِعَالٌ

So, the plural of جَوعَانُ and جَوعَى is جِيَاعٌ

Sentence examples:

- أَحْمَدُ جَوعَانُ  = Ahmad is hungry

- الرِّجَالُ جِيَاعٌ = The men are hungry

- مَرْيَمُ جَوعَى = Maryam is hungry

- النِّسَاءُ جِيَاعٌ  = The women are hungry


additional note:

lazy : 

كَسْلاَنُ (masculine)
كَسْلَى (feminine)

The plural of كَسْلاَنُ  and كَسْلَى  is كُسَالَى

Fi'l amr "هَاتِ "

هَاتِ means : give! or bring!

هَاتِ = for أَنْتَ

example : 

هَاتِ يَا أَحْمَدُ = give me O Ahmad!

هَاتُوا = for أَنْتُمْ

 

Example:

هَاتُوا يَا إِخْوَانُ = Give me O brothers!



هَاتِي = for أَنْتِ

example:

هَاتِي يَا مَرْيَمُ = Give me O Maryam!

هَاتِيْنَ = for أَنْتُنَّ

example:

هَاتِيْنَ الكِتَابَ يَا أَخَوَاتُ = Give me that book O sisters!

Summary of noun cases in Arabic

There are three cases in noun, they are:

1. marfu' (nominative case) , the indication of marfu' is dammah "u"

example:   كِتَابٌ  (kitabun)

2. majrur (genitive case), the indication of majrur is kasrah "i"

example: كِتَابٍ (kitabin)

3. mansub (accusative case), the indication of mansub is fat-hah "a"

example: كِتَابًا (kitaban)