Question & Answer - Arabic Lesson about pronoun and possessive determiner

There is a good question in my Youtube channel. Below are the question.

I summarized the question:

1. How to say "He is Ahmad"

2. The meaning of  "hiya mu'allimatii"


Before answering these 2 questions, I will explain the concept that is related to the question.

Pronoun in Arabic

There are two types of pronoun in Arabic, they are: attached pronoun and detached pronoun.

Attached pronoun in Arabic is called    ضَمِيْرٌ مُتَّصِلٌ

Detached pronoun in Arabic is called  ضَمِيْرٌ مُنْفَصِلٌ


To answer the question number 1, I will explain detached pronoun only. In shaa Allah I will explain attached pronoun after this, because I focus on detached pronoun to answer the question number 1.

Detached pronoun (damiir munfasil/ضَمِيْرٌ مُنْفَصِلٌ )

1st person (masculine is the same as feminine):

Singular => I = أَنَا

Plural => We = نَحْنُ


2nd person:

Masculine

Singular => You  = أَنْتَ
Dual => You = أَنْتُمَا
Plural => You =  أَنْتُمْ


Feminine

Singular => You =  أَنْتِ
Dual => You = أَنْتُمَا
Plural => You = أَنْتُنَّ


3rd person:

Masculine:

Singular => He/it = هُوَ
Dual => They = هُمَا
Plural => They = هُمْ


Feminine:

Singular => She /it = هِيَ
Dual =>They = هُمَا
Plural => They = هُنَّ


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Question number 1

Hiya Fatima = She is Fatima

How to say "He is Ahmad"

Answer

- Observe my explanation regarding detached pronoun above.

- For feminine, singular, 3rd person (she) => we use pronoun  هِيَ

- For masculine, singular, 3rd person (he) => we use pronoun هُوَ (huwa).

- So "he is Ahmad" in arabic => هُوَ أَحْمَدُ  (huwa Ahmad)


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Noun in Arabic

- All nouns in Arabic are either masculine or feminine.

- Commonly a masculine noun can be changed to feminine by:

1. Adding closed ta ( ة ) at the end

2. Putting a fathah on the letter before ة

For example:

Student (male) = طَالِبٌ
Student (female) = طَالِبَةٌ

Teacher (male) = مُعَلِّمٌ
Teacher (female) = مُعَلِّمَةٌ

Attached pronoun (damir muttasil/ضَمِيْرٌ مُتَّصِلٌ)

1st person (masculine is the same as feminine):

Singular => me/my = ي

Plural => our / us = نَا


2nd person:

Masculine

Singular => You  = كَ

Dual => You = كُمَا

Plural => You =  كُمْ


Feminine

Singular => You =  كِ

Dual => You = كُمَا

Plural => You = كُنَّ


3rd person:


Masculine:


Singular => He/it = هُ

Dual => They = هُمَا

Plural => They = هُمْ


Feminine:


Singular => She /it = هَا

Dual =>They = هُمَا

Plural => They = هُنَّ

For example:

a book = كِتَابٌ   (kitaab)

his book = كِتَابًهُ  (kitaabuhu)

her book = كِتَابُهَا  (kitaabuhaa)

my book = كِتَابِي  (kitaabii)



a teacher  (female)  =  مُعَلِّمَةٌ   (mu'allimatun / mu'allimah)

his teacher =  مُعَلِّمَتُهُ   (mu'allimatuhu / mu'allimatuh)

her teacher = مُعَلِّمَتُهَا  (mu'allimatuhaa)

my teacher = مُعَلِّمَتِيْ  (mu'allimatii)




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Question number 2

The meaning of  "hiya mu'allimatii" ?

hiya = she

where is "my" in "هِيَ مُعَلِّمَتِيْ"

Answer

- هِيَ  = she

- مُعَلِّمَةٌ   = a teacher

- ي  => is attached pronoun which acts as possessive determiner ("my") in Arabic.

- ي is possessive determiner for "my"

- ي is located in the end of noun (attached).


noun  =  مُعَلِّمَةٌ   => we can read this word mu'allimatun or mu'allimah.

So, if we want to say "my teacher", these are the steps:

1. Change ة  to ت

2. Add (attach) possessive determiner for "my" => ي


Finally ,  my teacher => مُعَلِّمَتِيْ  (mu'allimatii)


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Thank you for watching the video and reading this explanation. I hope you get the point.


Watch the video here : https://youtu.be/UROplYA8SUM

Read the related article (text/script and explanation of the video) here: http://learnarabicstepbystep.blogspot.com/2018/06/short-story-in-classroom-in-arabic-and-english.html