Complete Indications of a Noun in Nominative Case | 'alaamaat ar-raf' | علامات الرّفع

You've studied the ultimate indication of the raf', it is dhammah "u" in the previous lesson Mastering nominative case in Arabic. 

 

But, there are more indications of a noun when it is in nominative case.

Today, I'll show you them.

علامات الرّفع ('alaamaat ar-raf'): The signs/indications of raf'/nominative

You've known that there are three cases of a noun in Arabic, they are: nominative case (marfuu'), accusative case (mansuub), and genitive case (majruur).

Today, we focus on nominative case, and delve into the complete indications of a noun when it is in nominative case.

There are two signs/indications of a noun when it is in nominative case (marfuu'/مرفوع), they are:

1. علامات الأصليّة ('alaamaat al-asliyyah): ultimate sign/ultimate indication, it is dhammah (ضمّة) "u".

2. علامات الفرعيّة ('alaamaat al-far'iyyah): another sign/indication that represents a dhammah.


Now, I'll discuss what types of nouns that have dhammah sign when they are in raf' condition (marfuu').

Types of nouns that have dhammah sign

1. اسم مفرد (ism mufrad): singular noun.

Example:

- قَامَ الرَّجُلُ (qaama ar-rajulu).
The meaning: The man woke up.

-- قَامَ: fi'l madi.
-- الرَّجُلُ: fa'il marfuu', the indication of the raf' is dhammah "u", because "الرَّجُلُ" is singular noun/ism mufrad.

2. جمع التّكسير (jam' at-taksiir): broken plural noun.

Example:

- قَامَ الرِّجَالُ (qaama ar-rijaalu).
The meaning: The men woke up.

-- قَامَ: fi'l madi
-- الرِّجَالُ: fa'il marfuu', the indication of the raf' is dhammah, because "الرِّجَالُ" is broken plural noun/ism jama' taksiir.

3. جمع المؤنّث السّالم (jam' al-mu-annath as-saalim): sound feminine plural.

Example:

- المُدَرِّسَاتُ مُجْتَهِدَاتٌ (al-mudarrisaatu mujtahidaatun).
The meaning: The female teachers are diligent.

-- المُدَرِّسَاتُ: mubtada' marfuu', the indication of the raf' is dhammah, because it is sound feminine plural/jama' al-mu-annath saalim.

-- مُجْتَهِدَاتٌ: khabar marfuu', the indication of the raf' is dhammah, because it is sound feminine plural/jama' al-mu-annath saalim.

Types of nouns that have a rafa' sign/indication other than dhammah

1. المثنّى (al-muthannaa): dual noun

Dual noun has an alif (ألف) sign when it is in raf' condition/marfuu'.

Example:

- قَامَ الرَّجُلاَنِ (qaama ar-rajulaani).
The meaning: The two men woke up.

-- قَامَ: fi'l madi.

-- الرَّجُلاَنِ: fa'il marfuu', the indication of the raf' is "alif", because "الرَّجُلاَنِ" is dual noun/muthannaa.

2. جمع المذكّر السّالم (jam' al-mudhakkar as-saalim): sound masculine plural

sound masculine plural has al-waw (الواو) sign when it is in raf' condition/marfuu'.

Example:

- قَامَ المُوَظِّفُوْنَ (qaama al-muwazzifuuna).
The meaning: The employees woke up.

-- قَامَ: fi'l madi.

-- المُوَظِّفُوْنَ: fa'il marfuu', the indication of the raf' is "al-waw", because "المُوَظِّفُوْنَ" is sound masculine plural noun.

3. الأسماء الخمسة (al-asmaa al-khamsah): the five nouns.

The five nouns are special nouns that have special rules for their declension. We'll study them later, in shaa Allah.

asmaa-ul khamsah have "al-waw" (الواو) sign when they are marfuu'.

Example:

- هَذَا أَبُوكَ (hadhaa abuuka).
The meaning: This is your father.

-- هَذَا: fii mahalli raf'in mubtada' (it is acted as mubtada' marfuu').

-- أَبُو: khabar marfuu', the indication of the raf' condition is "al-waw", because "أَبُو" is one of the five nouns.
أَبُو is also acted as mudaf.

-- كَ: fii mahalli jarrin mudaf ilaih (it is acted as mudaf ilaih majruur).

Summary

1. Types of nouns that have dhammah sign when they are in raf' condition or when they are marfuu'.

a. singular noun (اسم مفرد/ism mufrad).

Examples: الكِتَابُ, المُسْلِمُ, المُسْلِمَةُ

b. broken plural noun (جمع التّكسير/jam'ut taksiir).

Example: الكُتُبُ

c. sound feminine plural (جمع المؤنّث السّالم/jam'ul mu-annath as-saalim).

Example: المُسْلِمَاتُ


2. Type of a noun that have "al-alif" sign when it is in raf' condition or when it is marfuu'.

- dual noun (المثنّى/al-muthannaa).

Example: الكِتَابَانِ


3. Type of a noun that have "al-waw" sign when it is in raf' condition or when it is marfuu'.

a. sound masculine plural (جمع المذكّر السّالم/jam'ul mudhakkar as-saalim).

Example: المُسْلِمُونَ

b. group of five nouns (أسماء الخمسة/asmaa-ul khamsah).

Example: أَبُو



Next Lesson

Before studying the next case, I will explain you al-asmaa' al-khamsah, what are they, special rules in their declension, and sentence examples.

So, stay tuned.