Isnad fi'l madi to damir | Durusul lughah book2 - lesson 8

a word by word translation of إِسْنَادُ الفِعْلِ  المَاضِي إِلَى الضَّمَائِرِ

إِسْنَادٌ = the process to add suffix (for referring a particular fa'il/فَاعِل) to fi'l madi or fi'l mudari (in this case, we learn fi'l madi first).

الفِعْلِ  المَاضِي = verb in past tense.

الضَّمَائِرُ = pronouns.

الضَّمَائِرُ is plural form of ضَمِيرٌ
 
In this case ضَمِيرٌ is acted as فَاعِلٌ/fa'il or the doer.

Summary of the translation

From the isnad process, we know sign of the correct pair fi'l and fa'il (verb and the doer).

for example :

ذَهَبَتْ

through isnad process, we know appropriately that fi'l madi ذَهَبَتْ refers the fa'il هِيَ

Observe the table below.

Let's take a look one by one.

1. الغائب والمذكّر والمفرد

gha-ib, mudhakkar, mufrad = 3rd person, masculine, singular => هُوَ (he)

example : حَامِدٌ ذَهَبَ 

حَامِدٌ = hamid

ذَهَبَ = he went

the meaning : Hamid, he went.

For the sake of simplicity, we translate it to => Hamid went.

ذَهَبَ is fi'l madi, subject pronoun for ذَهَبَ  is hidden pronoun "هُوَ "

in other word, fi'l madi ذَهَبَ and the fa'il is هُوَ or he (third person, masculine, singular). In this sentence the fa'il is Hamid.

note: subject pronoun is called damir rafa'.

2. الغائب والمذكّر  والجمع

gha-ib, mudhakkar, jam' = 3rd person, masculine, plural => هُمْ (they)

example:  حَامِدٌ وَهَاشِمٌ وَعَلِيٌّ ذّهّبُوا
 

حَامِدٌ وَهَاشِمٌ وَعَلِيٌّ = Hamid, Hashim, and Ali.

 ذّهّبُوا = they went

the meaning : Hamid, Hashim, and Ali, they went.

For short, we translate it to = Hamid, Hashim, and Ali went.

ذّهّبُوا is fi'l madi.

The fa'il of ذّهّبُوا is وْ (al-waw jama'ah).

وْ refers to هُمْ (they), in this sentence the fa'il are hamid, hashim, and ali.

====*note*====

plural in Arabic is things more than two.

مفرد (singular) = one , example: كِتَابٌ ( a book)

مثنّى (dual) = two, example : كِتَابَانِ (two books)

جمع (plural) = more than two, example : كُتُبٌ (books)

====*note*====

3. الغائب والمؤنّث والمفرد

gha-ib, mu-annath, mufrad = 3rd person, feminine, singular => هِيَ (she)

example : آمِنَةُ ذَهَبَتْ
the meaning : Aminah, she went. For simplicity you can write "Aminah went."

ذَهَبَتْ  is fi'l madi.

تْ in the end of this fi'l is called التاء التأنيث (ta ta'nith) or ta to show the fa'il  is feminine.

the fa'il of ذَهَبَتْ   is hidden pronoun "هِيَ " or she, in this sentence the fa'il is Aminah.

4. الغائب والمؤنّث والجمع

gha-ib, mu-annath, jam' = 3rd person, feminine, plural => هُنَّ (they)

example:

آمِنَةُ وَزَيْنَبُ وَمَرْيَمُ ذَهَبْنَ
the meaning : Aminah, Zainab, and Maryam went.

ذَهَبْنَ = fi'l madi

The fa'il of ذَهَبْنَ  is nun an-niswah, refers to Aminah, Zainab, and Maryam.

5. المخاطب المذكّر المفرد

mukhatab, mudhakkar, mufrad = 2nd person, masculine, singular => أَنْتَ (you)

example :

أَنْتَ ذَهَبْتَ
the meaning : You went.

ذَهَبْتَ = fi'l madi

The fa'il of  ذَهَبْتَ  is تَ

تَ refers to   أَنْتَ  (you).

6. المخاطب المذكّر الجمع

mukhatab, mudhakkar, jam' = 2nd person,  masculine, plural = > أَنْتُمْ  (you)

example :

أَنْتُمْ ذَهَبْتُمْ
the meaning : You went

ذَهَبْتُمْ = fi'l madi

The fa'il of ذَهَبْتُمْ  is تُ and مْ for indicating masculine plural (jam' mudhakkar).

تُمْ refers to أَنْتُمْ

7. المخاطب المؤنّث المفرد

mukhatab, mu-annath, mufrad = 2nd person, feminine, singular => أَنْتِ (you)

example:

أَنْتِ ذَهَبْتِ
the meaning : You went.

ذَهَبْتِ is fi'l madi

the fa'il of ذَهَبْتِ  is تِ

تِ refers to أَنْتِ

8. المخاطب المؤنّث الجمع

mukhatab, mu-annath, jam' = 2nd person, feminine, plural => أَنْتُنَّ (you)

example:

أَنْتُنَّ ذَهَبْتُنَّ
the meaning : You went.

ذَهَبْتُنَّ is fi'il madi.

The fa'il of ذَهَبْتُنَّ is تُ and ن for indicating feminine plural (jam' mu-annath)

تُنَّ  refers to أَنْتُنَّ

9. المتكلّم المذكّر والمؤنّث المفرد

al-mutakallim, mudhakkar & mu-annath, mufrad = 1st person, masculine and feminine, singular => أَنَا (I)

example:

أَنَا ذَهَبْتُ
the meaning : I went

ذَهَبْتُ is fi'il madi

The fa'il of ذَهَبْتُ   is تُ

تُ refers to أَنَا

10. المتكلّم المذكّر والمؤنّث الجمع

mutakallim, mudhakkar & mu-annath, jam' = 1st person, masculine and feminine, plural => نَحْنُ (we)

example:

نَحْنُ ذَهَبْنَا
The meaning: We went

ذَهَبْنَا is fi'l madi

The fa'il of ذَهَبْنَا is نَا

نَا refers to نَحْنُ

Recap 

1. ذَهَبَ = fi'l ذَهَبَ + damir mustatir (hidden pronoun) refers to  هُوَ

2. ذَهَبُوْا = fi'l ذَهَبَ + fa'il وْ

3. ذَهَبَتْ = fi'l ذَهَبَ + ta ta'nith (تْ) + damir mustatir refers to هِيَ

4. ذَهَبْنَ = fi'l ذَهَبَ + fa'il نَ

5. ذَهَبْتَ = fi'l ذَهَبَ  + fa'il تَ

6. ذَهَبْتُمْ = fi'l ذَهَبَ  + fa'il تُ + mim (مْ) for indicating plural

7. ذَهَبْتِ = fi'l ذَهَبَ  + fa'il تِ

8. ذَهَبْتُنَّ = fi'l ذَهَبَ  + fa'il تُ + nun (نَّ) for indicating plural

9 . ذَهَبْتُ = fi'l ذَهَبَ  + fa'il تُ

10. ذَهَبْنَا = fi'l ذَهَبَ  + fa'il نَا

Summary damir muttasil

1. damir التّاء (ta) = ذَهَبْتَ , ذَهَبْتِ , ذَهَبْتُ, ذَهَبْتُمْ , ذَهَبْتُنَّ

2. damir الواو (waw) = ذَهَبُوْا

3. damir النّون (nun) =  ذَهَبْنَ

4. damir نَا (naa) = ذَهَبْنَا