The feminine doer | فاعل مؤنّث - Durusul lughah book 2 - lesson 7

In this lesson, we practice to make the doer (the person who is doing an action) or فَاعِلٌ  becomes feminine.

This lesson is a continuation of the former lesson fi'l madi conjugation. The previous lesson focused on singular subject whereas this lesson is focusing on plural subject.

تَأْنِيْثُ الفَاعِلِ (feminization of the doer/subject)

1. masculine (المذكّر), singular (مُفْرَد)

أَشَرِبْتَ المَاءَ؟ = did you drink the water?


Structure explanation


* أَ = hamzah istifham (it is used to ask question).


* شَرِبْتَ = شَرِبَ + تَ

- شَرِبَ = fi'l madi

- تَ = fa'il (the doer/the subject) which points to أَنْتَ (you: masculine, singular).


* المَاءَ = maf'ul bih (object), it's mansub, the indication of the nasab is fat-hah "a"

If we want to feminize the fa'il, change the تَ to تِ, so the sentence becomes:

أَشَرِبْتِ المَاءَ؟  = did you drink the water?


structure explanation


* أَ = hamzah istifham


* شَرِبْتِ = شَرِبَ + تِ

- شَرِبَ = fi'l madi

- تِ = the fa'il (فَاعِل) which points to أَنْتِ (you: feminine, singular)

- المَاءَ = object (مَفْعُول بِه), the condition is mansub, the indication of the nasab is fat-hah "a"

therefore we must write المَاءَ instead of المَاءُ

2. masculine (مذكّر), plural (جَمْع)

مَتَى خَرَجْتُمْ؟ = when did you come out?


sentence structure explanation


* مَتَى = when (it is اِسْمُ اسْتِفْهَامٍ)


* خَرَجْتُمْ = خَرَجَ + تُمْ

- خَرَجَ = fi'l madi (الفعل الماضي )

- تُمْ = the fa'il which points to أَنْتُمْ (you:masculine, plural)

If we want to feminize the fa'il, change تُمْ to تُنَّ , so the sentence becomes:



مَتَى خَرَجْتُنَّ؟


sentence structure explanation


* مَتَى = ism istifham which means "when"


* خَرَجْتُنَّ = خَرَجَ + تُنَّ

- خَرَجَ = fi'l madi

- تُنَّ = fa'il (subject/doer) which points to أَنْتُنَّ (you:feminine, plural)

The rules

Writing rules mim as-sakinah (مْ) when followed by harfut ta'rif (الْ)

The rule : when مْ is followed by الْ , so the harakat of م becomes dhammah (becomes مُ)


Examples:


- when مْ isn't followed by الْ

أَقَرَأْتُمْ كِتَابًا؟ = did you read a book?



- when مْ is followed by الْ

أَرَأَيْتُمُ المُدَرِّسَ؟  = did you see the teacher?


explanation


* أَ = hamzah istifham


* رَأَيْتُمْ = رَأَى + تُمْ

- رَأَى = fi'l madi

- تُمْ  = fa'il


* رَأَيْتُمْ (mim sakinah / مْ) is followed by الْ (الْمُدَرِّسَ)

so, we should change مْ to مُ, so the writing becomes :

أَرَأَتُمُ الْمُدَرِّسَ؟

The rule: when تْ is followed by الْ , we should change تْ to تِ

Examples:


- when تْ isn't followed by ال

خَرَجَتْ آمِنَةُ = Aminah came out



- when تْ is followed by الْ

خَرَجَتِ الْبِنْتُ = the girl came out.

the rule: when نْ is followed by الْ, the نْ becomes نِ

examples:


- when نْ isn't followed by الْ

مَنْ هَذَا الوَلَدُ؟ = who is this boy?



- when نْ is followed by الْ

مَنِ الْوَلَدُ؟ = who is the boy?