Durus al-lughah al-arabiyyah book 1 lesson 5: Reading & Lesson learned

We start to continue the lesson from Durus al-lughah al-arabiyyah book 1. 

Today, we start from reading the text and lesson learned, the basic concept that we can learn from the text. 

Watch the video lesson below to understand the theory or basic concept.

 

Listen carefully the following video lesson

 

The translation

 

أَكِتَابُ مُحَمَّدٍ هَذَا يَا يَاسِرُ؟

Is this Muhammad's book, O Yasir?

لَا, هَذَا كِتَابُ حَامِدٍ

No, this is Hamid's book

أَيْنَ كِتَابُ مُحَمَّدٍ ؟

Where is Muhammad's book?

هُوَ عَلَى المَكْتَبِ هُنَاكَ

It is on the table there.

أَيْنَ دَفْتَرُ عَمَّرٍ؟

Where is Ammar's notebook?

هُوَ عَلَى مَكْتَبِ المُدَرِّسِ

It's on the teacher's desk.

قَلَمُ مَنْ هَذَا يَاعَلِيِّ ؟

Whose pen is this, O Ali?

هَذَا قَلَمُ المُدَرِّسِ

This is teacher's pen.

أَيْنَ حَقِيْبَةُ المُدَرِّسِ ؟

Where is teacher's bag?

هِيَ تَحْتَ المَكْتَبِ

It's under the table.

Durusul lughah vol. 1 chapter 5 Lesson learned

A summary of the first lesson in an image can be observed below.

 

In the first lesson, we've learned the possessive construction.

Possessive construction shows belonging consists of two parts.

— The first part is called the possessed (مُضَافٌ).

— The second one is called the possessor (مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ).
 

 

The grammar rules:
 

1. مُضَافٌ (the possessed) can never take an alif and lam (ال) or a tanwiin.
 

2. مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ (the possessor) can take alif lam or tanwiin.
 

3. مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ (the possessor) takes a kasrah because it is in a genitive case.