Durus al-Lughah Book 1 Lesson 3 : Ism ma'rifah | Jumlah Ismiyyah

Have you finished studying Durus al-lughah al-arabiyyah Volume 1 Lesson 2? Once you finish that lesson, let's learn lesson 3.

What will you learn in chapter/lesson 3? You will learn the following things:

1. Definite noun and indefinite noun in Arabic.

2. Nominal sentence in Arabic.

3. Solar letters and lunar letters in Arabic.

Definite noun (اسم معرفة) and indefinite noun (اسم نكرة)

Types of noun in terms of definiteness

Ism nakirah (indefinite noun) and ism ma'rifah (definite noun)

Nominal sentence (jumlah ismiyyah) examples

Lesson Summary

From the picture, we learn the following things:

1. There are two types of noun in terms of definiteness, they are a definite noun and indefinite noun.

2. Definite noun in Arabic is called اسم معرفة (ism ma'rifah)

3. Indefinite noun in Arabic is called اسم نكرة (ism nakirah)

4. Indefinite noun (اسم نكرة):

a. There is a tanwiin at the final letter
b. Example : baytun (بَيْتٌ) = a house

5. Definite noun (اسم معرفة)

a. There is a prefix definite article "ال"
b. Definite article ال is called harf ta'rif (حرف تعريف)
c. There is no tanwiin at the final letter
d. Example: al-baytu (البَيْتُ)

6. Making a simple sentence in Arabic which begins with a noun:

a. The sentence begins with definite noun (ism ma'rifah).
This first part is called mubtada' (مبتدأ)

b. The second part can be indefinite noun, shibhul jumlah, or jumlah.
But, in chapter 3, we focus on an indefinite noun.
This part is called khabar (خبر)

c. There are agreements between mubtada' and khabar in terms of:

— number : mubtada and khabar must have the same number, such as: singular, dual, or plural.
In this chapter, we focus on singular noun.

— gender: mubtada and khabar must have the same gender, such as: masculine and feminine.
In this chapter, we focus on masculine noun.

— case: mubtada and khabar must have the same case, such as: nominative, accusative, or genitive.
In this chapter, we focus on nominative case (marfu').

Simple sentence with nominal sentence (jumlah ismiyyah) Examples

From the picture above, we learn these points:

1. We can make a simple sentence, begin with a noun.

The sentence which begins with a noun is called a nominal sentence.

Nominal sentence in Arabic is called jumlah ismiyyah (جملة اسميّة)

2. Jumlah ismiyyah contains two parts:

a. The first part is called mubtada' (مبتدأ)
b. The second one is called khabar (خبر)

3. Mubtada' must be ism ma'rifah (definite noun).

We can change ism nakirah (indefinite noun) form to definite form by prefixing harf ta'rif "ال", and the last letter is no tanwiin.

Example:

kitaabun (كِتَابٌ) => a book. This is an indefinite noun.

The definite noun form of كِتَابٌ is الكِتَابُ (al-kitaabu).

4. Khabar can be a noun (should be indefinite noun), shibhul jumlah (jar wa majrur, etc.), and jumlah (jumlah ismiyyah or jumlah fi'liyyah).

But, in this lesson, we focus on singular and masculine noun.

We will learn shibhul jumlah and jumlah as a khabar in the next lesson, in shaa Allah.


5. al-kitaabu jadiidun (الكِتَابُ جَدِيْدٌ) is an example of jumlah ismiyyah (nominal sentence).

- al-kitaabu (الكِتَابُ): mubtada'

- jadiidun (جَدِيْدٌ): khabar


6. There is an agreement between mubtada' and khabar in terms of number, gender, and case.

al-kitaabu jadiidun (الكِتَابُ جَدِيْدٌ)

— al-kitaabu: singular noun, masculine noun, nominative case.
— jadiidun: singular noun, masculine noun nominative case.

Huruf ash-shamsiyyah (solar letters) & huruf al-qamariyyah (lunar letter)